طبقه‌بندی روش‌های تخمین ماتریس مبداء- مقصد با اطلاعات شمارش حجم کمان‌ها در شبکه‌های خلوت و شلوغ جاده‌ای

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده عمران، آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی‌، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یک ورودی ضروری برای فرآیند برنامه‌ریزی حمل‌ونقل میزان تقاضای سفر در قالب ماتریس مبداء- مقصد است. روش‌های مرسوم برای دسترسی مستقیم به این ماتریس که مبتنی بر انجام مصاحبه و آمارگیری در محل‌های مشخص بوده، پرهزینه و زمان‌بر هستند. از این‌رو به منظور روش‌های ریاضی مبتنی بر آمار شهودی مانند حجم ترافیک در معابر شبکه روز به روز محبوبیت بیشتری در مطالعات حمل‌ونقل پیدا کرده‌اند. این روش­ها به این صورت تعریف می­شوند که با در دست داشتن یک ماتریس مبداء- مقصد اولیه و نیز اطلاعات جریان ترافیک مشاهده شده فعلی در تعدادی از معابر شبکه، به­دنبال برآورد ماتریسی هستند که با داشتن کمترین فاصله از ماتریس اولیه، در صورت تخصیص به شبکه، حجم­های مشاهده شده را بازتولید کند. از آن‌جا که روش‌های مرسوم در دست‌یابی به این ماتریس که مبتنی بر انجام مصاحبه و آمارگیری در محل هستند، پرهزینه و وقت‌گیر بوده و موجبات مزاحمت برای مردم را در پی دارند، روش‌های ریاضی مبتنی بر آمار مشاهده شده (مانند شمارش حجم عبوری از معابر شبکه) روز به روز گسترش بیشتری پیدا می‌کنند. در این پژوهش روش­های برآورد ماتریس مبداء- مقصد را به­لحاظ عملکرد شبکه می­توان به شبکه­های شلوغ و خلوت تقسیم و ویژگی­های هریک بررسی و ارایه شده است.

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