Structural Modeling of Factors Influencing Auditory Distraction Induced by Voice Navigation Messages While Driving

The increasing use of voice navigation systems and applications in urban driving has made auditory guidance messages one of the major sources of driver distraction. The aim of this study was to identify and structurally model the factors affecting auditory distraction caused by voice navigation messages. The statistical population consisted of Tehran drivers with experience in using voice navigation while driving. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, drivers’ usage patterns were examined using a behavioral checklist. The results showed that 89% of drivers had experience using voice navigation systems, and 64% responded to auditory distraction by reducing speed and increasing safety distance. In the second stage, the relationships among the influencing factors were analyzed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The results revealed a four-level hierarchical structure, in which sound intensity, sound quality, and timing of instruction delivery were placed at the first level; recognition of the output voice at the second level; number of instructions at the third level; and factors such as speaking speed, noisy environment, and guidance content at the fourth level. MICMAC analysis also showed that “guidance content” is a key and influential variable. Accordingly, improving message content and appropriately timing the delivery of instructions can help reduce driver distraction and enhance urban traffic safety.