Examining Different Types of Asphalt Surface Treatment; (Advantages and Applications)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
2 M.Sc., Grad., Department of Civil Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Today, the safety, durability and strength of the materials used in covering the transportation network and communication routes, is one of the most important and effective factors in reducing road maintenance costs and providing safety, preventing waste of time and providing psychological comfort to those using the routes. Finding methods to prevent premature destruction of asphalt in the road network and delaying pavement repairs and increasing the service life of asphalt pavement by improving the technical specifications of the materials used, requires study and research on various methods of repair and maintenance which are corrective and preventive. In the preventive method, surface treatment asphalt has a special place due to bringing the desired surface characteristics, reducing costs, high effectiveness and preventing the destruction of asphalt in a long period of time in order to reduce maintenance costs. Another function of surface treatment asphalt is to create a non-sliding surface. Surface treatment asphalt has different types called fly seal, cape seal, chip seal, slurry seal, seal coat and micro-surfing, each of which has its own characteristics, but of course we will bear difference in cost by choosing each type. We have to pay attention to this point, along with the weather conditions and the amount of traffic in the desired location when choosing the type of surface treatment asphalt.
Keywords

-AC01364616], A. (1994). International road maintenance handbook. practical guidelines for rural road maintenance. 3. Paved roads, TRL .
-Zalnezhad, M., Hesami, E. (2017) .Preventive maintenance of roads using protective microsurfacing asphalt .The First National Conference on Road and Transportation Engineering, Rasht: 30 August (in Persian).
-Johnson,A.M. (2000). Best practices handbook on asphalt pavement maintenance. Minnesota Technology Transfer/LTAP Program, Center for Transportation Studies.
-Johannes, P.T. (2014). Development of an improved mixture design framework for slurry seals and micro-surfacing treatments. Madison. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.
-I.M.o.R.a.U.D.R.C.f.R.P.M.a. Maintenance. (2011). entation of protective asphalt including the proposed guidelines / implemented by Tarbiat Modares University pavement maintenance and management research center. (in Persian).
-Naderi, K., MahmudiNia, N., Nasrakani, A.A., Nakhaei, M. (2016). Functional classification of bitumens used in protective asphalts.The 8th Iran Bitumen and Asphalt Conference. Tehran, 1 November (in Persian).
-Galehouse, L., Moulthrop, JS., Hicks, R.G. (2003). Principles of pavement preservation: Definitions, benefits, issues, and barriers. TR News.
-Hass, R.C.G., Hudson, W.R., Zaniewski, J.P. (1994). Modern pavement management. Krieger Pub Co.
-Transportation Research Institute (2002). Publication 234 of Asphalt Regulations for Road Paving in Iran. M.a.P. Organization. V.P.f.S.A.o.t.C.f.S.D.a. Publications.(in Persian)
-Kavosi,A., Zaierzade, A. (2006). Application of different types of protective asphalt.The third conference of bitumen and asphalt of Iran. Tehran. 14 November (in Persian)
-Bradiunes,A., Khabiri,M,M. (2019). Investigating the surface performance of chip seal protective asphalt on a stabilized cement base. Transportation Research Paper, Vol.16. No. 2, 135-148. (in Persian)
-Hesami,E., Zalnezhad,M. (2019). Introduction of protective microsurfacing asphalt and investigation of factors affecting its performance .Quarterly Journal of Transportation Engineering.  Vol.27, No.98, 87-104. (in Persian)
-Gheibi,R.A., Divandari, H. (2021). a review on fog seal protective asphalt application in pavement", Civil and project journal, Vol.3, No.1, pp 73-84. (in Persian)
Robati, M. (2012). Evaluation of a modification of current micro-surfacing mix design procedures. Montreal: École de technologie supérieure.
-Kebede, A.A. (2016). Asphalt pavement preservation using rejuvenating fog seals.  West Lafayette: Purdue University.
-California. Dept. of Transportation. Division of Maintenance  (2003). Fog seal guidelines. California. Dept. of Transportation.
-Islam, R.M., Arafat,S., Wasiuddin,N.M. (2017). Quantification of Reduction in Hydraulic Conductivity and Skid Resistance Caused by Fog Seal in Low-Volume Roads. Transportation Research Record, Vol.2657, No.1, 99-108.
-Schuler,S., hicks, R.G.,Multhorp,J., Rahman,T. (2018). Guide Specifications for the Construction of Chip Seals, Microsurfacing, and Fog Seals. Shuler Consultants, LLC.
-Najafi,S., Farshad,H., Alidadipour,B., Ghobadi,S. (2020). A review of protective asphalt with an emphasis on microsurfacing protective asphalt. The Fifth International Conference on Applied Research in Science And Engineering, University of Amsterdam: 2 November  (in Persian)
-Ming MA, Tao Liu, Guo Fei and Kai Xuan, (2014). Application of Slurry Seal Technology in the Reconstruction Project of G303. Vol. 559, Key Engineering Materials, 277-281.
-D. Anderson, (1987). Guidelines for Use of Dust in Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 56, 492-516.
-Prapaitrakul,N., Freeman,T.J., Glover,C.J., T.T. Institute, T.D.o.T. Research, T.I. Office, (2005). Analyze Existing Fog Seal Asphalts and Additives: Literature Review. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System.
-T.D.O.T.T.V. DICTIONARY, (2019). Seal coat. Information website: https://www.txdot.gov/driver/txdot-visual-dictionary/seal-coat.html .
-Ardakanian,A., Arezumand,A., Musavi,S.M. (2015). Application of slurry seal as a low-cost and effective solution in road improvement management. 10th International Congress of Civil Engineering. Tabriz: 5 May. (in Persian).
-California Department of Transportation, (2006). Standard Specifications. Sacramento, California, May.
-schilling, p., (2002). success with bituminous emulsions requires a well balanced chemistry of emulsions, bitumen and aggregate. International Slurry Surfacing Association Conference, berlin, Germany.
-Khan, M.I., Wahhab, H.I.A. A. (1998). Improving slurry seal performance in Eastern Saudi Arabia using steel slag. Construction and Building Materials, Vol.12, No.4, 195-201.
-Gutt,W.H. (1976). Blast furnace and steel slag: by A.R. Lee [UK pound]3[middle dot]80. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London, 1974. Resources Policy, Elsevier, Vol.2, No.1, 62-63.
-Kavosi,A., Zaierzade,A. (2006). Parameters affecting the design and implementation of fine-grained protective asphalt mixture. The third conference of bitumen and asphalt of Iran. Tehran: 14 November. (in Persian)
-Asphalt Institute, (2009). Asphalt in Pavement Preservation and Maintenance. Asphalt Institute.
-Kavosi,A., Hafezzade, R. (2016). Repairing rut damage using fine-grained protective asphalt (microsurfacing). Experimental Researches in Civil Engineering. Vol.3, No.spring and summer 2016, 29-39. (in Persian)
-Jahangiri, A., Hesami, S. (2018). A review of the role of fibers on the technical and functional characteristics of protective microsurfacing asphalt. International Conference on Civil Engineering. Architecture and Urban Development Management in Iran, Tehran: 19 December. (in Persian)
-Charmot,S., Ye,C., Zhu,Z., Yang,Y. (2014). Measurement of Effectiveness of Fiber-Rein forced Microsurfacing Mixtures.  Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting. Washington DC: 12 January.
-Asphalt Institute, A.E.M. Association (1979). A basic asphalt emulsion manual. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
-International Slurry Surfacing Association, (2010). Recommended Performance Guidelines for Micro Surfacing. I.S.S. Association.
-Asphalt Institute, (1988). Asphalt Surface Treatments—Construction Techniques, Lexington, Ky. Asphalt Institute.
-Rezai,H., Sadeghian, M., Motamedi,H.,  Torabi,I. (2017). How to use microsurfacing asphalt coating and its economic comparison with other protective asphalt. The 9th Iran Bitumen and Asphalt Conference, Tehran: 24 October. (in Persian)
-T.N. Zealand, T.N.Z. Staff, T.N.Z.R.C. Authorities, R.N. Zealand, R.N.Z. Staff, (2005). Chipsealing in New Zealand. Roading New Zealand.
-Freeman,B. A. (2021). Microsurfacing and Cape Seals in the Darling Downs District.  Department of Transport and Main Roads.
-Hosseini,M., KhabiriM.M., Sanij,H.K. (2021). Investigating the effect of granulation of aggregates on the surface performance of Cape Seal protective asphalt. The 13th National Conference and Exhibition of Bitumen, Asphalt and Machinery. Tehran: 9 November.  (in Persian)
-Astm, (2015). Standard Practice for Construction of Asphalt-Rubber Cape Seal ASTM D7564/D7564M-09. Astm International.
-Van Zyl, G.D., Fourie, H. (2015). Key aspects of good performing Cape seals. Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa (CAPSA 2015), Sun City, South Africa: August, 16-19.
-Arian,M.S., Khalkhali,A.B. (2017), Introducing types of chip seal and design and implementation methods. The 5th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Development, Tehran: 26 December. (in Persian)
-California. Dept. of Transportation. Division of, Maintenance Maintenance (­CalTrans),  (2008). Technical Advisory Guide (TAG): Volume I – Flexible Pavement Preservation. Second Edition.
-Aktaş,B., Karaşahin,M. (2013). Chip Seal Adhesion Performance with Modified Binder in Cold Climates:Experimental Investigation. Transportation Research Record, Vol.2361, No.1, 63-68.
-Gheni, A.A., ElGawady,M.A. (2017).  Crumb rubber as a sustainable aggregate in chip seal pavement. Congrès International de Géotechnique–Ouvrages–Structures, Springer,  392-401.
-Roberts,F.L., Kandhal,P.S., Brown,E.R., Lee, D.-Y. Kennedy,T.W. (1996). Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design And Construction. Second Edition. National Asphalt Pavement Association.
-Broughton,B., Lee,S.-J. (2012). Microsurfacing in Texas. Texas Transportation Institute.
-Mirshahi,M. (2017). Correct and timely evaluation of microsurfacing and its impact on life cycle and costs. The 12th Symposium on Advances in Science and Technology of the Fourth Commission: Sustainable Land of New Findings in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mashhad: 14 December. (in Persian)
-Sadeghian,M., Motamedi,H., Torabi, I. (2016). Cost comparison of implementing various road pavement maintenance methods in Yazd province. The 8th Iran Bitumen and Asphalt Conference, Tehran: 1 November. (in Persian)
-Kazmierowski, T.J., Bradbury, A. (1995). Microsurfacing: solution for deteriorated freeway surfaces. Transportation Research Record, Vol. (1473), 120-130.