Analysis and Design of Metro Network Construction Scheduling with a Resilience-Based Approach: Case Study of Tehran Metro

The growth of urbanization and increasing demand for public transportation has made metro network resilience a fundamental need for modern cities. This study presents a multi-period optimization model for scheduling metro network construction, aiming to enhance resilience against disruptions while minimizing operational costs. The proposed model optimally allocates financial resources and prioritizes construction projects over various time periods, defining resilience through reduced travel time and sustained network accessibility during crises. Implemented on Tehran’s metro development plan and solved using a genetic algorithm, results demonstrate that strategically focused budget allocation on key links significantly enhances network resilience and performance. The model obtained in this research can be very effective in increasing network efficiency and, consequently, increasing resilience. If the resilience part is removed from the model's objective function, efficiency during network construction will decrease significantly.This model serves as an effective tool for optimizing metro network structure and operations to address future challenges.effective tool for optimizing metro network structure and operations to address future challenges.