An Overview of the Phenomenon of Land Subsidence and Its Consequences

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Milad Saadatmagham 1
Mehran Iranpour Mobarakeh 2
1 M.Sc., Student, Omran Geotechnics, Agiq Shahinshahr Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
10.22034/road.2025.462350.2293
Abstract
Land subsidence refers to phenomena in which the surface of the earth moves vertically and downwards. This phenomenon can be natural factors or human activities or a combination of both. While some of the vertical movements of the earth, such as the movement of the earth's plates, are natural and at a very small speed (a few millimeters per year), the subsidence of the earth, which occurs due to human activities, at a much higher speed. Meters per year) and destructive consequences can be observed. The purpose of the upcoming research is to review the factors and research in land subsidence and its prediction methods. The research method in this study was a review, and the findings indicate that the most important factor of land subsidence is excessive use of underground water. When underground aquifers seep faster than normal, an empty space is created under the ground, which causes the roof of these aquifers to collapse and eventually the ground level. There are also several methods for predicting land subsidence, one of which uses a machine. Machines can be used to analyze and analyze large datasets of various data, including satellite images, geophysical data. This can lead to more accurate models of land subsidence that can be used to better predict this destructive phenomenon.
Keywords
Groundwater
Aquifer
Prediction
Subsidence
Machine Learning
-داداشی، ثریا و صادق فام، سینا (1399). تحلیل آسیب پذیری فرونشست آبخوان دشت مرند با استفاده از روش ALPRIFT بر اثر بهره برداری بیش از حد از منابع زیرزمینی.
-علیزاده، زهرا و عبادی، حمید (1401). امکان سنجی استفاده از تداخل سنجی راداری به منظور اندازه گیری فرونشست زمین در اثر استخراج مواد نفتی، کنفرانس ملی ژئومکانیک نفت نوآوری و فناوری، 4(1)، 22-2.
-نصیری زارع، سعید و کرم، امیر (1401). فرا روشی برای شناسایی موضوع تحقیقات علمی در فرونشست زمین (یک تحقیق با رویکرد علم سنجی)، جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی، 11(44)، 19-1.
-Baffoe G., (2020). Rural-urban studies,A macro analyses of the scholarship terrain. Habitat International, 98, 102156. doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102156
-Bagalkoti VT, & Hosamani SC. (2024). Mapping of the Indian Research Productivity of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: A Scientometric Analysis. Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science, 3 (3), 249–256.
-Biot, M.A. (2019). General theory of three-dimensional consolidation. Appl. Phys. 12,155
-Chai JC, Shen SL, Zhu HH, & Zhang XL. (2014). Land subsidence due to groundwater drawdown in Shanghai. Geotechnique, 54 (2), 143-147.
Doi.org/ 10.1680/ geot. 2004. 54.2.143.
-Chang Y-W, Huang M-H, & Lin C-W., (2015). Evolution of research subjects in library and information science based on keyword, bibliographical coupling, and co-citation analyses. Scientometrics, 105 (3), 2071–2087.
doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1762-8
-Dinar A, Encarna E, Elena C, Gerardo H, Pietro T, Roberto T, Yang L, Pablo E, & Jose A., (2021). We lose ground: Global assessment of land subsidence impact extent. Science of the Total Environment 786, 147415.
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147415
-Djalalinia, SHP, Owlia A, Setareh Forouzan E, Habibi M, Dejman M, Baradaran Eftekhari M, Ghanei HOSSEIN, Malekafzali, & N. Peykari., (2012). Health research evaluation and its role on knowledge production. Iranian Journal of Public Health 41, No. 2: 39. https:// www. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC3481679/.
-Gall M, Nguyen KH, & Cutter SL., (2020). Integrated research on disaster risk: Is it really integrated? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, 255–267.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.010
-Hess DJ. (2021). Science studies: An advanced introduction. NYU press. https:// books. google. com/ books.
-Herrera-García G, Ezquerro P. Tomás R, Béjar-Pizarro M, López-Vinielles J, Rossi M, Mateos RM, Carreón-Freyre D, Lambert J, Teatini P, & Cabral-Cano E., 2021. Mapping the global threat of land subsidence. Science, 371 (6524), 34-36. doi: 10.1126/science.abb8549
-H.Guo, (2019). Abstraction induced land subsidence and groundwater regulation in the North China Plain, Piahs, 372-380.
-Ploutarchos, Tzampoglou. (2023). Selected Worldwide Cases of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal. Water 2023, 15(6), 1094. doi.org/10.3390/w15061094
-Kok S & Costa AL. (2021). Framework for economic cost assessment of land subsidence. Natural Hazards, 106 (3), 1931–1949. doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04520-3
-LaRowe G, Ambre S, Burgoon J, Ke W, & Börner K., (2019). The Scholarly Database and its utility for scientometrics research. Scientometrics, 79 (2), 219-234.
doi.org/ 10.1007/ s11192-009-0414-2
-Liu J, Li J & Fan C., (2020). A bibliometric study of pool fire related publications’. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 63, 104030.doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.jlp. 2019. 104030
-Lyu HM, Shen SL, Zhou A, & Yang J. (2020). Risk assessment of mega-city infrastructures related to land subsidence using improved trapezoidal FAHP. Science of the Total Environment, 717, 135310.
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135310
Mao G, Huang N, Chen L, & Wang H., (2018). Research on biomass energy and environment from the past to the future: A bibliometric analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 1081- 1090.
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.173
-Merigó JM, & Yang J-B., (2017). A bibliometric analysis of operations research and management science, Omega, 73, 37–48. doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2016.12.004.
-Mingers J, & Leydesdorff L., (2019). A review of theory and practice in scientometrics. European Journal of Operational Research, 246 (1), 1–19.
doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.04.002.
-Qiu J.P., Dong K, & Yu H-Q., (2024). Comparative study on structure and correlation among author co-occurrence networks in bibliometrics. Scientometrics, 101 (2), 1345–1360.
doi.org/ 10.1007/ s11192-014-1315-6
 -Serenko A., (2023). Meta-analysis of scientometric research of knowledge management: discovering the identity of the discipline damaging Jocotepec city in. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17 (5), 773– 812.
doi.org/10.1108/JKM-05-2013-0166
-Sweileh WM., (2019). A bibliometric analysis of health-related literature on natural disasters from 1900 to 2017. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17 (1), 1–11.doi.org/ 10.1186/ s12961-019-0418-1
-Teatini P, Carreón-Freyre D, Ochoa-González G, Ye S, Galloway D, & Hernández-Marin M., (2018). Ground groundwater overexploitation damaging Jocotepec city in Jalisco, Mexico: 2016 field excursion of IGCP-641. Episodes, 41 (1), 69-73. https:// www.episodes.org.
-Wang B, Pan SY, Ke RY, Wang K, & Wei YM., (2024). An overview of climate change vulnerability: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science database. Natural Hazards, 74 (3), 1649-1666.
doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1260-y
-Yang S, Yuan Q, & Dong J., (2020). Are Scientometrics, Informetrics, and Bibliometrics Different? Data Science and Informetrics, 1 (01), 50. http:// creativecommons.org/ licenses /by/4.0/. Arizona. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy.
-Ye S, Xue Y, Wu J, Yan X, & Yu J., (2016). Progression and mitigation of land subsidence in China. Hydrogeology Journal, 24 (3), 685-693. https://autherrorpage
-Yoo J, & Perrings C., (2017). An externality of groundwater depletion: land subsidence and residential property prices in Phoenix, Arizona. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (2), 121–133.
doi.org/10.1080/21606544.2016.1226198
-Zoccarato C, Minderhoud PSJ, & Teatini P., (2018). The role of sedimentation and natural compaction in a prograding delta: insights from the mega Mekong delta. Vietnam. Scientific Reports, 8 (1), 1–12. https://link.springer.com.