A Review of the Effects of Asphalt Surface Treatment Components on Their Performance and Durability

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Pooyan Ayar 1
Alireza Bayat 2
Hossein Tavakoli 2
Mahmoud Ameri 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
2 M.Sc., Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/road.2025.512377.2381
Abstract
Asphalt surface treatments play a crucial role in preventive pavement maintenance by extending service and reducing reconstruction costs, thereby improving road performance. Common methods such as fog seal, chip seal, slurry seal, and micro-surfacing are employed based on traffic and climatic conditions. The performance of these systems depends on various factors, including the characteristics of asphalt emulsions, aggregates, fillers, and additives. Asphalt emulsion serves as the primary bonding agent, significantly impacting adhesion, durability, and resistance to environmental conditions. Aggregates, with properties such as size, shape, and surface texture, influence skid resistance and overall stability. Fillers like cement, lime, and mineral powders enhance the mixture's resistance to moisture and mechanical failures by reducing void spaces and increasing cohesion. Using polymer-modified asphalt emulsions, nanomaterials, and other additives has been shown to improve mechanical properties and durability significantly. Despite these advancements, challenges such as optimizing material compositions, assessing climatic impacts, and improving execution methods remain pertinent. Findings indicate that the proper selection of asphalt emulsion type, aggregate gradation, filler content and type, and modifier composition significantly enhances resistance to stripping, fatigue, and rutting. Additionally, polymer-modified emulsions and nano-additives improve cohesion and extend pavement service life. Despite significant advancements, further research is required to develop climate-specific mix designs, optimize the role of fillers, and refine long-term performance evaluation methods. Future studies should focus on advanced formulations, innovative construction techniques, and sustainability aspects to develop more durable and cost-effective asphalt surface treatment systems.
Keywords
Asphalt Surface Treatment
Microsurfacing
Fog Seal
Slurry Seal
Chip Seal
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