Determination of the Threshold Level of Skid Resistance of Pavements

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Faculty member and Head of the road department of Road, Housing & Urban Development (BHRC)
Abstract
Threshold level of skid resistance is a process that is widely used in the pavement management to minimize the measured skid resistance at standard level for activating the maintenance of each section of the pavement with less skid resistance than this threshold. Road accidents during wet weather are a major concern for road engineers in rainy season. Road safety studies show that about 20% of all road accidents occur during wet weather, and resistance to wet roads has a major impact on wet weather accidents. Due to the lack of predictability of the ability to withstand skidding levels under different rainfall patterns, a minimum slip resistance threshold for safe driving in wet climates should be considered. In our country, these thresholds and management methods have not yet been defined. Monitoring the slip resistance of pavement surfaces is an integral part of a typical pavement management system. This paper shows how, using a scientific approach, the minimum threshold of skid resistance in different points of a road network is determined using different methods in the world that have been used so far. It is worth noting that other advanced methods are also used in different countries that are not addressed in this article.
Keywords

-ASTM E1859 / E1859M 11(2015), “Standard Test Method for Friction Coefficient Measurements Between Tire and Pavement Using a Variable Slip Technique”.
 
 
-ASTM E1911-09ae1, (2015), “Standard Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface Frictional Properties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester”.
 
 
-ASTM E1960-07, (2015), “Standard Practice for Calculating International Friction Index of a Pavement Surface”, standard by astm international.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-ASTM E2157 – 15, (2015), “Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Properties Using the Circular TrackMeter”.
 
 
-ASTM E274/E274M–11, (2011), “Standard Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire”. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
 
-ASTM E303 – 93, (2018), “Standard Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester”.
 
-ASTM E501 – 08, (2015), “Standard Specification for Standard Rib Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests.
 
-ASTM E524 – 08, (2015), “Standard Specification for Standard Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests.
 
-ASTM E670 – 09, (2015), “Standard Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the Mu-Meter.
 
-Baran, E., (2009), “Slide Presentation on Skid Resistance & Texture Data Collection.
 
-British Standard BS, 7941-1:2006, )2006) , Methods for Measuring the Skid Resistance of Pavement Surfaces. Sideway-Force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine. British Standards Institution, Bristol, UK.
 
-Douglas I. Anderson, P.E. May (2013), “Skid Correction Program User’s Manual Prepared For: Utah Department of Transportation Research Division Submitted By: University of Utah Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering.
 
-PeiChoua Cheng -Chia et. all -ChunLeeaAi-ChinChenbCherng-YannWu, (2017), "Using a constructive pavement texture index for skid resistance screening", International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology Volume 10, Issue 4, ­pp. 360368.
 
-Fwa T.F.,­ (2017)­, “Skid resistance determination for pavement management and wet-weather road safety", International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, pp.217-227.
 
-Gardziejczyk, W., Wasilewska, M., (2012), “Assessment of skid resistance of asphalt mixtures in laboratory conditions”. Archive of civil engineering, Vol.58, (4), pp.521- 534.
 
-Gothie, M., (1996), “Relationship  between Surface Characteristics and Accidents”, in Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics, pp.271–281.
 
 -Haavasoja, T.; Pilli-Sihvola, Y., (2010), “Friction as a measure of skidpery road surfaces”, in Proceedings of the 15th SIRWEC Conference, Quebec City, Canada.
-Haavasoja, T.; Pilli-Sihvola, Y., (2010), “Friction as a measure of skidpery road surfaces”, in Proceedings of the 15th SIRWEC Conference, Quebec City, Canada.
 
- Henry, J J, ABE, H, Kameyama, S, Tamai, A, Kasahara, A., Saito, K., (2000), “Circular Texture Meter (CTM) and the Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT), 4th International Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics of Roads and Airfields), Nantes, France.
 
 
-Highway Research Board, (1972), “Skid Resistance. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis of Highway Practice 14”. Highway Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
 
- Kane, M.; Scharnigg, K., (2009), “Report on different parameters influencing skid resistance, rolling resistance and noise emissions”. TYROSAFE project deliverable D10, pp.95.
 
-­Kokkalis, A.G. and Panagouli, O.K., (1998), “Fractal Evaluation of Pavement Skid Resistance Variations”. I: Surface Wetting. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 9, pp.1875-1890. 
 
-Mitchll, James,  (2016), “How to allow for ceasnal effect when using skid resistance data. WDM limited, UK.
 
 
-NZ Transport Agency, (2010), “Specification for State Highway Skid Resistance Management”, T10.
 
-Wasilewska. M. a, Gardziejczyk W a, Gierasimiuk P., (2016), “a Evaluation of skid resistance using CTM, DFT and SRT-3 devices6th Transport Research Arena April 18-21, a Bialystok University of Technology”, Wiejsca, Poland, 45A,
pp.15-351.
 
 
-Wouter van Bijsterveld & Miguel A. del Val., “Towards quantification of seasonal variations in skid resistance measurements”, pp. 477-486.
-Waka Kotahi, (2010), “Specification for state highway skid resistance management” NZTA, NZ Transport Agency, T10 Specification.
 
-Wilson, D.J. and Dunn, R., (2005), “Analyzing Road Pavement Skid Resistance”. ITE 2005 Annual Meeting and Exhibit Compendium of Technical Papers, Melbourne, pp.7-10.
 
-Wambold, J.C., Antle, C.E., Henry,J.J., Rado, Z., )1995(, “International PIARC Experiment to Compare and Harmonize Texture and Skid Resistance Measurements”.
 
 
 
 
-Report AIPCR-575 01.04.T, “The World  Road Association-PIARC”, La Defense Cedex, France.
 
 
 
 
-Report MD-07-SP708B4F, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore, MD.
 
 
-Speir, R., Barcena, T., Desaraju, P.R. (2009), “Development  of Friction Improvement Policies and Guidelines for the  Maryland State  Highway Administration”.