راهکارهای هوشمند کاهش تصادفات ثانویه در جاده‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

10.22034/road.2021.156623.1780

چکیده

حوادث ترافیکی، بخصوص در بزرگراه‌های شهری بسیار پرتکرار هستند و نه تنها موجب تأخیر شدید در سفرها می‌شوند، بلکه می‌توانند موجب حوادث ثانویه شود که خطر آن شش برابر بیشتر از حادثه اولیه است. کاهش خطر تصادفات ثانویه یک هدف کلیدی برای مدیریت تصادفات است. با وجود این، اقدامات محدودی برای دستیابی به این هدف انجام گرفته است و این کمبود عمدتاً به دلیل ماهیت تصادفی تصادفات ثانویه است. از این رو، بسیاری از پژوهش‌های قبلی تلاش‌های وسیعی برای ارائه تعریف مشخص و شناسایی حوادث ثانویه انجام داده‌اند. پس از شناسایی محدوده وقوع این گونه تصادفات (از نظر زمانی و مکانی پس از وقوع تصادف اولیه)، شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر این تصادفات گامی اساسی در جهت کاهش آن‌ها است. در حقیقت تا عوامل اثرگذار بر یک پدیده مشخص نباشد، ارائه راهکار برای کاهش آن بی‌فایده است. بنابراین، تعدادی از پژوهش‌های پیشین به مرور عوامل اثرگذار بر وقوع تصادف های ثانویه پرداختند. این عوامل شامل هندسه راه‌ها، وضعیت ترافیکی، وضعیت جوی و ویژگی‌های وسایل نقلیه عبوری است. پس از شناخت عوامل اصلی اثرگذار بر وقوع تصادفات ثانویه، می‌توان راهکارهایی برای کاهش این گونه تصادفات ارائه کرد. از این رو، تعدادی از مطالعات پیشین پیشنهادهایی در جهت کاهش احتمال وقوع تصادفات ثانویه مطرح کرده‌اند. در این پژوهش، مرور نسبتاً جامعی بر هر سه گروه مطالعات یاد شده انجام می‌شود.

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