جاده

جاده

مطالعه تاب آوری زیرساخت‌های حیاتی در ایالات‌متحده آمریکا در برابر ریسک‌های امنیتی (مورد کاوی : بحران‌های امنیتی در زیرساخت‌های شبکه راه‌آهن سرتاسری آمریکا)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پرند، تهران، ایران
چکیده
صنعت حمل‌ونقل ریلی می‌تواند حجم انبوهی از محصولات، کالاها و یا مسافران را در طول یک جغرافیای گسترده، پراکنده و متنوع که درعین‌حال قابل‌دسترس و رخنه توسط نفوذ گران و مهاجمان بوده و نیز در برابر انواع حملات فیزیکی و سایبری آسیب‌پذیر می‌باشد؛جابجا نماید. بنابراین ایجاد استحکام و ارتقای سطح امنیت در این شبکه وسیع در مقابل انواع حملات و نفوذهای متنوع به سهولت امکان‌پذیر نیست و با موانع و چالش‌های عدیده‌ای روبروست. در این مطالعه کوشیده شده است به‌صورت موردی با بررسی جایگاه و اهمیت راهبردی راه‌آهن سرتاسری برای حمل‌ونقل بار و مسافر در آمریکا به بررسی مجموعه طبقه‌بندی‌شده از حملات به‌ظاهر ساده که دارای اثرات مخرب و پیچیده بر ترافیک شبکه راه‌آهن و سلامت شهروندان در ایالات‌متحده بوده‌اند، پرداخته شود. همچنین دامنه اقدامات امنیتی صنعت حمل‌ونقل ریلی و دولت آمریکا و نیز تصمیم گیران و کنشگران فعال این عرصه برای کاهش ضریب ریسک‌ها و مدیریت بحران در موقعیت‌های پیچیده، مبهم و نامطمئن و هنگام بروز نفوذ و حملات ساخت‌یافته به شبکه ریلی این کشور مورد تحلیل قرار گیرد. در این مورد کاوی، همچنین پیامدهای برخی حملات موفق و نیز ضعف‌ها و کاستی‌های نظام حکمرانی آمریکا برای تأمین امنیت و ایمنی شبکه حمل‌ونقل ریلی در پیاده‌سازی برنامه‌ها و تدابیر امنیتی به‌منظور مقابله با حملات احتمالی و حراست از زیرساخت‌های حیاتی موردبحث قرارگرفته و کوشیده شده است نتایج و آموزه‌های به‌دست‌آمده از آن را برای ارتقای امنیت بهره‌برداری از صنعت حمل‌ونقل ریلی و زیرساخت‌های حیاتی کشور در برابر حملات خرابکارانه در قالب تجاربی ساده تشریح نماید.
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