جاده

جاده

نقدی بر اهمیت و جایگاه صنعت ساخت در ایران (ویژگی‌ها و چالش‌ها)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‏های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانش آموخته دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در بسیاری از اقتصادهای درحال‌توسعه در جهان، صنعت ساخت یکی از بازیگران مهم در این عرصه است و به‌عنوان یکی از تأثیرگذارترین صنایع شناخته می‌شود. این دلایل باعث شده است تا صنعت ساخت بستر بسیاری از پژوهش‏ها در حوزه مدیریت پروژه‏های عمرانی شود. اگرچه بررسی پژوهش‏هایی که تاکنون در زمینه شناخت صنعت ساخت و بررسی چالش‌های آن صورت گرفته است، نشان می‌دهد که گستره این پژوهش‌ها بسیار پراکنده هستند. لذا در این پژوهش، در یک رویکرد مطالعاتی و کتابخانه‌ای، اسناد و پژوهش‌های منتشر شده در حوزه جایگاه و اهمیت صنعت ساخت تحلیل و بررسی گردند. مطالعات این حوزه در چهار محور مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفت. در محور اول به ویژگی‌ها و مختصات خاص این صنعت در جامعه بین‌المللی اشاره شد. در محور دوم نیز صنعت ساخت در کشور و در محور سوم بخش مسکن به صورت ویژه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در محور چهارم نیز چالش‌ها و مشکلات معمول این صنعت با استناد به پژوهش‌های بین‌المللی و پژوهش‌های داخلی مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفت. در یک جمع‌بندی مجموعه چالش‌های صنعت ساخت را می‌توان در 6 مجموعه چالش شامل چالش‌های خاص صنعت ساخت، چالش‌های اجتماعی-فرهنگی، چالش‌های اقتصادی، چالش‌های مرتبط با تکنولوژی، چالش‌های قانونی و مقرراتی و چالش‌های اخلاقی طبقه‌بندی کرد. نتیجه مطالعات و تحقیقات صورت گرفته در این مقاله می‏تواند چشم‌انداز و دید بهتری از این قلمرو وسیع در اختیار پژوهشگران و اندیشمندان حوزه مهندسی و مدیریت ساخت قرار دهد.
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