جاده

جاده

مدل‌سازی جریان ترافیک نامنظم: گذار از رویکردهای یک‌بعدی به دو‌بعدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی شهر هوشمند، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران
2 استاد، آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی ترافیک، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سیستم‌های نامنظم ترافیک به سیستم‌هایی اشاره دارند که در آن‌ها خطوط عبوری مشخص نبوده و یا نظمی در خطوط عبوری قابل‌مشاهده نیست. در جریان نامنظم ترافیک، وسایل نقلیه به جای حرکت در خطوط موازی، به‌طور تصادفی در سطح جاده توزیع شده و موقعیت جانبی خود را به‌طور مکرر تغییر می‌دهند. در این شرایط، مسیر حرکت وسایل نقلیه در امتداد عرض جاده ناپایدارتر و غیرقابل پیش‌بینی‌تر از جریان‌های منظم ترافیک است این خصوصیت جریان‌های نامنظم ایجاب می‌کند که مدل‌های ریاضی مورد استفاده برای تحلیل این جریان‌ها، نه‌تنها بُعد طولی بلکه بُعد جانبی را نیز در نظر بگیرند. مشاهدات نشان می‌دهند که مشخصات هندسی معابر نظیر عرض معبر و قوس‌های افقی، فارغ از منظم یا نامنظم بودن جریان ترافیک در آن‌ها، تأثیر بسزایی بر رفتار جریان ترافیک دارند. این یافته‌ها بر لزوم استفاده از مدل‌های دو‌بعدی در توصیف جریان‌ ترافیک تأکید دارند. بااین‌حال، بسیاری از نظریه‌های موجود در توصیف جریان ترافیک به‌صورت یک‌بعدی و با تمرکز بر بُعد طولی ارائه شده‌اند. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع به‌ویژه در کشور ایران به دلیل جریان ترافیک نامنظم ناشی از عدم رعایت خطوط عبوری توسط رانندگان و همچنین ناهمگنی وسایل نقلیه، این پژوهش ضمن بررسی رویکردهای کلان نگر و خردنگر مدل‌سازی جریان ترافیک، بر لزوم تقویت رویکردهای دو‌بعدی که هنوز در مراحل ابتدایی تحقیق و توسعه خود هستند، تأکید می‌نماید. با در نظر گرفتن پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر اخیر در توان محاسباتی، تکنیک‌های مدل‌سازی و توسعه ابزارهای فناورانه جهت جمع آوری داده، لازم است مدل‌های دو‌بعدی معتبری برای تحلیل دقیق‌تر جریان‌های ترافیک توسعه، کالیبره و اعتبارسنجی شوند.
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