جاده

جاده

بررسی تأثیر تابش اشعه فرابنفش بر پیرشدگی و رئولوژی و تغییرات ساختاری قیر در روسازی‌های آسفالتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
روسازی‌های آسفالتی، به عنوان یکی از اجزای اصلی زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل، همواره در معرض عوامل محیطی مختلفی مانند تابش فرابنفش (UV) قرار دارند. این نوع تابش به دلیل انرژی بالای خود، عاملی کلیدی در پدیده پیرشدگی قیر است که منجر به کاهش دوام و طول عمر روسازی می‌شود. با وجود تاثیر مخرب این پدیده، هنوز استانداردهای جامع و کافی برای ارزیابی آن تدوین نشده است. این مقاله، با هدف تبیین مکانیسم و پیامدهای پیرشدگی ناشی از تابش فرابنفش، به بررسی تغییرات ایجادشده در خواص شیمیایی، رئولوژیکی و مکانیکی قیر و مخلوط‌های آسفالتی می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تابش فرابنفش با ایجاد رادیکال‌های آزاد و آغاز واکنش‌های زنجیره‌ای اکسیداسیون، باعث سخت شدن قیر، کاهش انعطاف‌پذیری و تضعیف مقاومت در برابر ترک‌خوردگی در دماهای پایین و بارهای تکراری می‌شود. همچنین، بررسی‌های میکروسکوپی حاکی از تغییرات قابل‌توجه در ریخت‌شناسی و ساختار سطحی آسفالت است که منجر به کاهش چسبندگی و تضعیف عملکرد خودترمیمی آن می‌شود. در ادامه، چالش‌های شبیه‌سازی آزمایشگاهی این پدیده و تأثیر پارامترهایی مانند طول موج، شدت تابش و ضخامت نمونه مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد. در نهایت، با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع به‌ویژه در مناطق با تابش خورشیدی بالا، راهکارهایی مانند استفاده از افزودنی‌های ضدپیرشدگی و اصلاح‌کننده‌های پلیمری برای افزایش مقاومت روسازی‌ها پیشنهاد شده است. این پژوهش، گامی مهم در جهت شناخت دقیق مکانیسم پیرشدگی نوری آسفالت و تدوین استانداردهای جدید برای افزایش دوام و کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداری زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل است.
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