جاده

جاده

نقش آزمون‌های غیرمخرب در ارزیابی و کنترل کیفیت تراکم و یکنواختی اجرای آسفالت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
گسترش فناوری‌های آزمون غیرمخرب و ساخت هوشمند، ارزیابی سریع‌تر و گسترده‌تر کیفیت اجرای روسازی‌های آسفالتی را امکان‌پذیر کرده است؛ با این‌ حال، قابلیت اندازه‌گیری یک فناوری لزوماً به معنای آمادگی آن برای استفاده در تضمین کیفیت و پذیرش نیست. مقاله با تمرکز بر چگالی، یکنواختی تراکم و شرایط حرارتی مؤثر بر پخش و تراکم، نقش فناوری‌های منتخب را از کنترل فرایند تا پذیرش بررسی می‌کند. در این مرور تحلیلی، مقالات علمی، گزارش‌های فنی، استانداردها و ضوابط اجرایی و قراردادی بررسی شده‌اند و سه فناوری پروفیل‌سنجی دی‌الکتریک مبتنی بر رادار نفوذی زمین، تراکم هوشمند و پروفیل‌برداری حرارتی نصب‌شده بر فینیشر از نظر پاسخ اندازه‌گیری‌شده، ارتباط با مشخصه کیفی، اعتبارسنجی، قابلیت اطمینان و آمادگی برای پذیرش ارزیابی شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که سامانه پروفیل‌سنجی دی‌الکتریک مسیر مستقیم‌تری برای کاربرد در پذیرش مرتبط با چگالی نشان می‌دهد، اما استفاده از آن به کالیبراسیون و اعتبارسنجی متناسب با شرایط پروژه وابسته استتراکم هوشمند بیشتر برای کنترل پوشش غلتک و یکنواختی عملیات تراکم کاربرد دارد، درحالی‌که پروفیل‌برداری حرارتی برای پایش یکنواختی دمایی و شناسایی احتمال جدایش حرارتی مناسب‌تر است. ضوابط ایران نشان می‌دهند که ساختار قطعه و زیرقطعه و سازوکار محاسبه ضرایب پرداخت فراهم شده است، اما رویه‌ای اعتبارسنجی‌شده برای ورود داده‌های پیوسته حاصل از این فناوری‌ها به تصمیم پذیرش وجود ندارد. چارچوبی شش‌مرحله‌ای شامل تعریف مشخصه کیفی و هدف تصمیم‌گیری، اعتبارسنجی اندازه‌گیری، اجرای آزمایشی موازی، راستی‌آزمایی، ورود داده‌ها به تصمیم‌های پذیرش و تدوین الزامات قراردادی برای استقرار تدریجی این فناوری‌ها پیشنهاد شده است.
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