ارزیابی روند تغییرات فاصله ترمزگیری با سرعت وسیله نقلیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی، مازندران، بابل، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی، مازندران، بابل، ایران

10.22034/road.2023.87845

چکیده

اصطکاک سطح روسازی یکی از مهمترین شاخص های روسازی است که علاوه بر ایمنی بر موارد دیگر مانند تولید صدا و راحتی رانندگی و... نیز تاثیرگذار است. با توجه به کاستی های موجود در این بخش و این که تا کنون اصطکاک سطح روسازی به صورت واقعی و میدانی در ایران اندازه گیری نشده است بنابر این در این پژوهش برای اولین بار در ایران دستگاه چرخ قفل شونده به صورت کامل از ابتدا طراحی و ساخته شده است. سپس با بررسی سه محور در شهر شیراز و با استفاده از آزمایش پاندول انگلیسی و آزمایش پخش ماسه واستفاده از روابط مراجع مختلف، نتایج دستگاه ساخته شده اعتباز سنجی گردیده است و سپس روند تغییرات فاصله ترمزگیری بر مبنای سرعت حرکت به دست آمده است. نتایج بیانگر تغییر عدد اصطکاک از حدود 70 تا 30 در سرعت 40 تا 120 کیلومتر بر ساعت است. این تغییر باعث افزایش حدود 300 درصدی فاصله ترمزگیری می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


        -حجازی، س.ج. و علی پور، م.، (1395)، "اولویت‌بندی اصلاح نقاط حادثه‌خیز جاده‌ای بر اساس ممیزی ایمنی راه (مطالعه موردی مسیر بین شهرستان‌های خرم‌آباد و الشتر استان لرستان"، پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل، 13(3)، ص.65-85.
        -حسنی، ا. سوداگری، ج. و معافی مدنی، س. ر.، (1385)، "تعیین اثر بافت درشت و سنگدانه در مقدار مقاومت لغزشی رویه­های بتنی، پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل، 3 (4).
        -کاشانی، م.‌، سامی، ا.، (1395)، "تأثیر کیفیت جاده در مرگ‌ومیر ناشی از تصادفات با استفاده از اتوماتای سلولی"، پژوهشنامه حمل و نقل، 13(4)، ص. 125-145.
-Ahammed, M. A., & Tighe, S. L., (2012), "Asphalt pavements surface texture and skid resistance  exploring the reality", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 39, pp.1–9. http://doi.org/10.1139/l11-109.
-Astm. (1993a), "Standard Specification for Standard Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests", ASTM E 524, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1993b), "Standard Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester", ASTM E 303. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1998a), "Standard Specification for Standard Rib Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests,ASTM E 501", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1998b), "Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macro-Texture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique,ASTM E 965", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1998c), "Standard Test Method for Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the Mu- Meter,ASTM E 670", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1998d), "Standard Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire,ASTM E 274", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1999a), "Standard Test Method for Friction Coefficient Measurements Between Tire and Pavement Using a Variable Slip Technique,ASTM E 1859", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (1999b), "Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Surface Frictional Properties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester,ASTM E 1911, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (2005), "Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Texture Drainage Using an Outflow Meter," West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm., (2013), "Standard Test Method for Stopping Distance on Paved Surfaces Using a Passenger Vehicle Equipped With Full-Scale Tires,ASTM E 445, West Conshohocken", Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Astm. (2014), "Standard Test Method for Measuring the Frictional Properties of Winter Contaminated Pavement Surfaces Using an Averaging-Type Spot Measuring Deceleromete", West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Bustos, M., Echaveguren, T., Solminihac, H. De, & Caroca, A., (2006), "Development of correlation equations between different measurements of skid resistance in pavements", Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 13(April), pp.117–122.
-Chu, L. J., & Fwa, T. F., (2017), "A functional approach for determining skid resistance threshold state of porous pavement", International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 8436(July), http://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1309195
-Ghaemi, O., (2011), "Collection And Examination Of Lab Test And Field Performance Data On Friction And Polishing Of Hot Mix Asphalt Surfac", University of Akron.
-Hall, J., Smith, K., Titus-Glover, L., Wambold, J., Yager, T., & Rado, Z., (2009), "Guide for Pavement Friction", National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
-Henry, J., (1983), "Comparison of Friction Performance of a Passenger Tire and the ASTM Standard Test Tires", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
-Henry, J., (2000), "Evaluation of Pavement Friction Characteristics", Washington, D.C: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
-Huang, Y. H., (2004), "Pavement Analysi s and Desig n (2nd ed.)", University of Kentucky.
-Hussein, N., & Hassan, R., (2016), "Surface condition and safety at signalised intersections", International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 18(11), pp.1016–1026. http://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1141411.
-Katayama, Y., Kitamura, T., Kiyohara, K., & Iwami, T., (2017), "Factors associated with prehospital death among traffic accident patients in Osaka City"­, Japan : a population-based study. Traffic Injury Prevention. http://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2017.1347645.
-Kosgolla, J., (2012), "Numerical Simulation of Sliding Friction and Wet Traction Force on a Smooth Tire Sliding on a Random Rough Pavement", University of South FloridaCo.
-Kuttesch, J. S., (2004), "Quantifying the Relationship between Skid Resistance and Wet Weather Accidents for Virginia Data Quantifying the Relationship between Skid Resistance and Wet Weather Accidents for Virginia Data", Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
-Lee, J., Nam, B., & Abdel-aty, M., (2015), "Effects of Pavement Surface Conditions on Traffic Crash Severity", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 11, pp.1–11. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000785.
-Lin, C., & Tongjing, W., (2018), "Effect of fine aggregate angularity on skid-resistance of asphalt pavement using accelerated pavement testing", Construction and Building Materials, 168, 41–46. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.171.
-Lyon, C., Persaud, B., & Merritt, D., (2016), "Quantifying the safety effects of pavement friction improvements – results from a large-scale study", International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 19(2), 145–152. http://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1172709.
-Marizwan, M., Manan, A., Várhelyi, A., Kemal, A., & Hanis, H., (2017), "Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia", IATSS Research. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2017.11.001.
-Persson, B., (1998), "On the Theory of Rubber Friction", Surf. Sci, (401), pp.445–454.
-Rolison, J. J., Regev, S., Moutari, S., & Feeney, A., (2018), "What are the factors that contribute to road accidents ? An assessment of law enforcement views", ordinary drivers ’ opinions , and road accident records. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 115, (August 2017), pp.11–24. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.02.025.
-Sandburg, U., & Ejsmont, J., (2002), "Tyre/Road Noise Reference Book (1st ed.)", Kisa, Sweden: Informex.
-Siriphun, S., Horpibulsuk, S., Chotisakul, S., Chinkulkijniwat, A., & Arulrajah, A., (2017), "Effect of cumulative traffic and statistical predictive modelling of field skid resistance", Road Materials and Pavement Design, pp.1–14. http://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1385511.
-Vardaki, S., Papadimitriou, F., & Kopelias, P., (2014), "Road safety audit on a major freeway : implementing safety improvements", European Transport Research Review, 6, pp.387–395. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-014-0138-0.
-Wallman, C., & Astrom, H., (2001), "Friction Measurement Methods and the Correlation Between Road Friction and Traffic Safety (1st ed.)", Linkoping, Sweden:­, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
-Wambold, J. ., Henry, J. ., & Blackburn, R., (1984), "Pavement Surface Texture: Significance and Measurement", Washington, D.C: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
-Wu, Z., & Abadie, C., (2018), "Laboratory and fi eld evaluation of asphalt pavement surface friction resistance", Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 12(3), pp.372–381. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-017-0463-1.
-Yaseen, M. R., Ali, Q., Tariq, M., & Khan, I., (2018), "General dependencies and causality analysis of road traffic fatalities in OECD countries", Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp.1–16. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2146-4.