مروری بر عوامل موثر بر تمایل به پیاده‌روی بیشتر در سفرهای روزانه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نیاز به حمل‌ونقل یکی از پایه‌ای‌ترین نیازهای بشر شناخته می‌شود. در شرایط کنونی که در برخی جوامع استفاده از شیوه‌های موتوری حمل‌ونقل مقارن با افزایش معضلات سلامتی و حمل‌ونقلی است، برنامه‌ریزان حمل‌ونقل به بررسی شیوه‌های فعال سفر مانند پیاده‌روی جهت جایگزینی با سفرهای موتوری پرداخته‌اند. این مقاله به مرور عوامل موثر بر تمایل به پیاده‌روی بیشتر در سفرهای روزانه می‌پردازد. با بررسی مطالعات پیشین مشخص شد که چهار دسته عامل بر رفتار پیاده‌روی اثرگذار بوده‌اند. این چهار دسته شامل ویژگی‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی (مانند سن، جنسیت، درآمد و مالکیت وسیله نقلیه)، ویژگی‌های سفر (مانند مسافت و زمان انجام سفر)، عوامل محیطی (مانند تراکم، تنوع کاربری‌ها، طراحی شبکه خیابانی، دسترسی به مقاصد و دسترسی به حمل‌ونقل همگانی) و عوامل نظری (مانند پندارها و دیدگاه‌ها) می‌شود. غالب مطالعات اخیر بیانگر این بوده که عوامل محیطی و نظری بیشترین نقش را در توسعه پیاده‌روی دارند. از این رو، برنامه‌ریزان شهری در سیاست‌گذاری‌ها باید توجه ویژه‌ای به عوامل محیطی و نظری به شکل همزمان داشته باشند. بررسی‌های بیشتر نشان می‌دهند یک خلأ مطالعاتی برای تنوع هدف سفرها و ملاحظه همزمان چهار دسته عامل فوق به ویژه برای شهرهای در حال توسعه وجود دارد.

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